Derniers articles listés par NCBI PubMed sur les maladies inflammatoires du foie et des voies biliaires (en anglais)
Qu’est-ce que PubMed?
Pubmed est la Bibliothèque Nationale de Médecine américaine. Pubmed incorpore plus de 24 millions d’extraits de littérature biomédicale issus du service en ligne MEDLINE, de journaux et livres scientifiques. Les extraits incorporent parfois des liens vers les textes intégraux des articles ou vers les sites web des éditeurs. Ces documents sont des publications scientifiques relatant l’avancée de la recherche sur les maladies inflammatoires du foie et des voies biliaires. Ils sont relayés ici sur le site d’albi afin que les malades comme les professionnels de la santé se fassent une idée des thématiques d’études et des avancées de la recherche. Il faut bien comprendre que ces communications sont des résultats de recherches ponctuelles, qui doivent être validés par d’autres études, pour éventuellement déboucher sur des innovations thérapeutiques quelques années plus tard. Si vous êtes malade, il est évident que ces informations ne peuvent pas être prises en compte pour prendre l’initiative d’une quelconque modification de votre traitement, modification qui ne peut se faire que sous avis médical.
> création: PhDu, albi, le 15/10/2013
> rédaction: PhDu, albi, le 15/10/2013
What is PubMed?
PubMed is the US National Library of Medicine. PubMed comprises more than 24 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
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- A randomized crossover trial to assess therapeutic efficacy and cost reduction of acid ursodeoxycholic manufactured by the university hospital for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis.
- Primary Biliary Cholangitis management: controversies, perspectives, and daily practice implications from an expert panel.
- How Patients With Chronic Liver Diseases Succeed to Deal With COVID-19?
- Diagnostic dilemmas in Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis mimicking autoimmune hepatitis: A case report.
- Bilirubin and bile acids in osteocytes and bone tissue.Potential role in the cholestatic-induced osteoporosis.
- [Autoimmune liver diseases].
- Bidirectional role of NLRP3 during acute and chronic cholestatic liver injury.
- Liver Injury with Ulipristal Acetate: Exploring the Underlying Pharmacological Basis.
- IgG 4 Autoimmune hepatitis presenting as idiopathic hypereosinophilia syndrome.
- A Fibrosis-Independent Hepatic Transcriptomic Signature Identifies Novel Drivers of Disease Progression in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.
- Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Characterization of gut-homing molecules in non-endstage livers of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease.
- A patient with primary biliary cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis variant syndrome.
- The complement system in liver diseases: Evidence-based approach and therapeutic options.
- A Study on the Temporal Trends in the Etiology of Cirrhosis of Liver in Coastal Eastern Odisha.
- Low phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis syndrome: A rare cause of acute pancreatitis that should not be neglected.
- Vedolizumab Therapy in Children With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Data From the Pediatric PSC Consortium.
- Transcutaneous Neuromodulation improved inflammation and sympathovagal ratio in patients with primary biliary ssscholangitis and inadequate response to Ursodeoxycholic acid: a pilot study.
- The Functional Role of the Secretin/Secretin Receptor Signaling During Cholestatic Liver Injury.
- Paeoniae radix alba polysaccharides obtained via optimized extraction treat experimental autoimmune hepatitis effectively.
- Lambda Light Chain Multiple Myeloma in a Patient with Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Association or Mere Coincidence?
- Clinicopathological features of autoimmune hepatitis with IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration.
- Update of the simplified criteria for autoimmune hepatitis: evaluation of the methodology for immunoserological testing.
- [Molecular mechanism of Prunella vulgaris in alleviating autoimmune hepatitis in mice].
- The Dynamic Interplay between Mast Cells, Aging/Cellular Senescence and Liver Disease.
- Vitamin-D Receptor-Gene Polymorphisms Affect Quality of Life in Patients with Autoimmune Liver Diseases.
- Single-cell mass cytometry on peripheral blood identifies immune cell subsets associated with primary biliary cholangitis.
- Galectin-3 in Inflammasome Activation and Primary Biliary Cholangitis Development.
- Obeticholic acid improves hepatic bile acid excretion in patients with primary biliary cholangitis.
- From Fatty Hepatocytes to Impaired Bile Flow: Matching Model Systems for Liver Biology and Disease.
- Cholangioscopy and its Role in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.
- Knockout of the tachykinin receptor 1 in the Mdr2-/- mouse model of primary sclerosing cholangitis reduces biliary damage and liver fibrosis.
- Primary biliary cholangitis: a multifaceted pathogenesis with potential therapeutic targets.
- Inter- and Intra-individual Variation, and Limited Prognostic Utility, of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase in a Trial of Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.
- Second-line and Third-line therapy for Autoimmune Hepatitis A position statement from the European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases and the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group.
- Role of Antinuclear Antibodies in Primary Biliary Cholangitis.
- Hepatitis C-related cirrhosis will be a marginal cause of hospital admissions in the near future.
- Antibodies to the Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M3 in Primary Biliary Cholangitis Inhibit Receptor Function on Cholangiocytes.
- Next-generation immunosequencing reveals pathological T cell architecture in autoimmune hepatitis.
- Ectopic duodenal variceal bleed successfully treated with TIPS and 2 years follow-up: A Case Report.
- Review of primary sclerosing cholangitis with increased IgG4 levels.
- Quantifying immunoregulation by autoantigen-specific T-regulatory type 1 cells in mice with simultaneous hepatic and extra-hepatic autoimmune disorders.
- The development of type-1 autoimmune hepatitis after chronic hepatitis C (HCV) clearance by direct-acting antivirals (DAA).
- A Case of Autoimmune Hepatitis after Occupational Exposure to N,N-Dimethylformamide.
- Geoepidemiologic variation in outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis.
- EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AS BIOMARKERS IN LIVER DISEASES: A CLINICIAN'S POINT OF VIEW.
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) halts the autoimmune response in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) via antioxidant and S-glutathionylation processes in cholangiocytes.
- In Vivo Models for Cholangiocarcinoma-What Can We Learn for Human Disease?
- Hepatic Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) Presenting as a Harbinger of Multisystem LCH.
- Chronic autoimmune hepatitis triggered by olmesartan.
- An insight into primary biliary cholangitis and its recent advances in treatment: semi-synthetic analogs to combat ursodeoxycholic-acid resistance.
- Liver Transplantation for Peri-hilar Cholangiocarcinoma.
- Belimumab is a promising third-line treatment option for refractory autoimmune hepatitis.
- 2020 international consensus on ANCA testing beyond systemic vasculitis.
- Altered aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor signalling affects regulatory and effector cell immunity in autoimmune hepatitis.
- Autoantibodies to intracellular "rods and rings" structures in two patients with autoimmune hepatitis treated with azathioprine.
- Prevalence of hepatitis E virus in children with acute hepatitis: one Egyptian center study.
- Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver Consensus Statement on Acute Liver Failure (Part 1): Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Presentation and Prognosis.
- Diabetes and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Incidence Trends and Impact of Liver Disease Etiology.
- Celiac Disease and Portal Hypertension: A Causal Association or Just a Coincidence?
- Intestinal Virome Signature Associated With Severity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
- Long-term outcome of patients with difficult-to-treat autoimmune hepatitis receiving mycophenolate mofetil.
- Successful urgent liver transplant due to fulminant autoimmune hepatitis during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.
- Should patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis before 30 years of age be tested for ABCB4 gene mutations?
- Integrative molecular profiling of autoreactive CD4 T cells in autoimmune hepatitis.
- The 6 C's of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.
- Combination therapy of obeticholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid in patients with primary biliary cholangitis who respond incompletely to ursodeoxycholic acid: a systematic review.
- IgG4/IgG RNA ratio does not accurately discriminate IgG4-related disease from pancreatobiliary cancer.
- Falsely positive fourth generation ADVIA Centaur® HIV Antigen/Antibody Combo assay in the presence of autoimmune hepatitis type I (AIH).
- Genome-wide association study data reveal genetic susceptibility to chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma risk.
- Autoimmune Hepatitis: Shifts in Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Pathways among Egyptian Patients.
- StatPearls
- StatPearls
- Significance of autoantibody seropositivity in children with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Tumor Thrombus to the Hepatic Veins and the Right Atrium: A Case Report and Review Exploring Various Presentations and Treatment Options.
- Renal injury and hepatic effects from the methylimidazolium ionic liquid M8OI in mouse.
- Open-label prospective therapeutic clinical trials: oral vancomycin in children and adults with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
- Inflammatory Demyelinating Pseudotumor With Liver Dysfunction: IgG4 Related Disease With Primary Biliary Cholangitis.
- Definition and Management of Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis and an Incomplete Response to Therapy.
- Systematic Review with Meta-analysis: The Impact of Co-occurring Immune-mediated Inflammatory Diseases on the Disease Course of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
- The Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) Wellbeing Study: Understanding psychological distress in those living with PSC and those who support them.
- CLIF-C Organ Failure Score and Liver Volume Predict Prognosis in Steroid-Treated Severe Acute Autoimmune Hepatitis.
- Dysregulation of Circulating FGF19 and Bile Acids in Primary Biliary Cholangitis-Autoimmune Hepatitis Overlap Syndrome.
- Pharmacologic management of patients with hepatic and pancreatic diseases that involve immunosuppressive therapies. Positioning within the framework of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic.
- Cholangiocarcinoma: Diagnosis and Management.
- Goals of Treatment for Improved Survival in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Treatment Target Should Be Bilirubin Within the Normal Range and Normalization of Alkaline Phosphatase.
- Reevaluating Goals of Therapy in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Is Good Enough Is Not Good Enough Anymore?
- Diagnosing Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Children.
- Yellow nail syndrome and overlap syndrome of autoimmune hepatitis and cholangitis: A rare association or an atypical presentation?
- Implication of Increased Serum IL-31 for Primary Biliary Cholangitis.
- A case of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension related to azathioprine therapy in a patient with Crohn's disease.
- Sustained Remission After Treatment Withdrawal in Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.
- Impact of Pre-existing Inflammatory Bowel Disease on the Outcome of Liver Transplantation for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.
- Safety and Efficacy of Budesonide for Liver Transplant Immune Suppression: Results of a Pilot Phase 2a trial.
- Efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid combined with prednisolone and immunosuppressant triple therapy in the treatment of refractory primary biliary cholangitis.
- Autoimmune hepatitis: Possible triggers, potential treatments.
- Kupffer Cells Regulate Natural Killer Cells Via the NK group 2, Member D (NKG2D)/Retinoic Acid Early Inducible-1 (RAE-1) Interaction and Cytokines in a Primary Biliary Cholangitis Mouse Model.
- A Patient with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Diffuse Biliary Dilation.
- [Сlinical, immunological and morphological features in different types of autoimmune hepatitis].
- Obeticholic acid improves fetal bile acid profile in a mouse model of gestational hypercholanemia.
- Disseminated Leishmaniasis Due to Using Immunosuppression Drugs: A Case Report.
- Editorial: gut microbiota profile in patients with autoimmune hepatitis-a clue for adjunctive probiotic therapy?
- Editorial: gut microbiota profile in patients with autoimmune hepatitis-a clue for adjunctive probiotic therapy? Authors' reply.
- The Potentiality of Herbal Remedies in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: From In Vitro to Clinical Studies.
- Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Pouchitis and Pouch-related Complications in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.
- UDCA prophylaxis for post-transplant PBC recurrence prevention: Time to change practice.
- Remission of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis After Treatment With Tocilizumab.
- Contribution of the Intestinal Microbiome and Gut Barrier to Hepatic Disorders.
- [Coexistence of IgG4-related autoimmune hepatitis and inflammatory pseudotumors of the liver:a case report].
- Multiple Autoimmune Syndrome: An Unusual Combination of Autoimmune Disorders.
- A rare presentation of hepatolithiasis in an adolescent patient: A case report.
- Hyposplenism, Hashimoto's Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Overlap Syndrome (Celiac Disease and Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 1).
- Effects of Primary Biliary Cholangitis on Quality of Life and Health Care Costs in the United Kingdom.
- Unusual Distribution of Liver Injury in a Case of Seronegative Autoimmune Hepatitis.
- Relationship between osteoporosis, sarcopenia, vertebral fracture, and osteosarcopenia in patients with primary biliary cholangitis.
- Senescent Cholangiocytes Release Extracellular Vesicles that Alter Target Cell Phenotype Via the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor.
- APECED-Associated Hepatitis: Clinical, Biochemical, Histological and Treatment Data from a Large Predominantly American Cohort.
- Use of Butorphanol as Treatment for Cholestatic Itch.
- Infectious complications and timing for liver transplantation in autoimmune acute liver failure in Japan: a subanalysis based on nationwide surveys between 2010 and 2015.
- A metabolic pathway for bile acid dehydroxylation by the gut microbiome.
- Comparison of Coagulation Conditions in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis Due to Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Nonbiliary Causes of Cirrhosis Before Orthotopic Liver Transplant.
- Gut microbiome in primary sclerosing cholangitis: A review.
- Update on Emerging Treatment Options for Primary Biliary Cholangitis.
- Glycomic analysis of antibody indicates distinctive glycosylation profile in patients with autoimmune cholangitis.
- CTLA-4 Expression Plays a Role in PSC and PBC Progression.
- A complex case of low-phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis syndrome.
- Immune monitoring of a child with autoimmune hepatitis and type 1 diabetes during COVID-19 infection.
- The impact of primary biliary cholangitis on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
- [Autoimmune Hepatitis in Small Cell Lung Cancer-A Case Report].
- Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms.
- Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Independent Predictor of 1-Year Graft Loss and Mortality After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation.
- Gender and Racial Differences in Hospitalizations for Primary Biliary Cholangitis in the USA.
- Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Bile Acid Farnesoid X Receptor Agonists.
- Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis is the Most Rapidly Increasing Indication for Liver Transplantation in the United States.
- A 1-Year Cross-sectional Inflammatory Bowel Disease Surveillance Colonoscopy Cohort Comparing High-definition White Light Endoscopy and Chromoendoscopy.
- Trends in Incidence of Autoimmune Liver Diseases and Increasing Incidence of Autoimmune Hepatitis.
- Methotrexate-associated Lymphoproliferative Disorder in the Liver Resembling Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Transarterial Chemoembolization.
- Patient and clinician opinions of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in the management of patients with rare diseases: a qualitative study.
- "Autoimmune Hepatitis in Children: Prednisone Plus Azathioprine vs Cyclosporine: A Randomized Trial".
- Safety of Thiopurine Use in Paediatric Gastrointestinal Disease.
- Extract of Ascaris suum induces TGF-β and early production of IgG1 in experimental autoimmune hepatitis.
- Histopathological analysis of autoimmune hepatitis with "acute" presentation - differentiation from drug-induced liver injury.
- Liver disease referrals to an urban, hospital-based hepatology outpatient clinic over the past 25 years.
- Efficacy and safety of chloroquine plus prednisone for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in a randomized trial.
- Liver injury due to oral anticoagulants: A population based retrospective cohort study.
- Liver fibrosis with two-dimensional shear-wave elastography in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
- Concurrence of multiple sclerosis and primary biliary cholangitis: Report of 3 cases.
- Liver Elastography in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Patients Using Three Different Scanner Systems.
- Clinical features and MRI progression of small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).
- 3β-Isoobeticholic acid efficiently activates the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) due to its epimerization to 3α-epimer by hepatic metabolism.
- In Vivo 1 H MR Spectroscopy of Biliary Components of Human Gallbladder at 7T.
- Immunosuppressive Treatment Regimens in Autoimmune Hepatitis: Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Supporting AASLD Guidelines.
- Greater Peripouch Fat Area on CT Image Is Associated with Chronic Pouchitis and Pouch Failure in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Patients.
- Epidemiology and clinical course of primary biliary cholangitis in Eastern Slovakia.
- Effective treatment of autoimmune hepatitis-primary biliary cholangitis overlap syndrome with obeticholic acid.
- How Much Liver Tissue Is Required for Sufficient Histological Staging in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis?
- [Surgical treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis : Experiences from 30 years in a single center cohort with 173 consecutive patients].
- Hepatocytes paradoxically affect intrahepatic IFN-γ production in autoimmune hepatitis due to Gal-9 expression and TLR2/4 ligand release.
- Correction: Polymorphism in Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor -173GC in Pediatric Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis.
- Total bile acid to platelet ratio: A noninvasive index for predicting liver fibrosis in primary biliary cholangitis.
- Rates of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with autoimmune liver diseases in Northern Italy: a telemedicine study.
- Acute hepatitis E unmasking primary biliary cholangitis and Takayasu aortoarteritis in a patient.
- IgG4-related Autoimmune Hepatitis with a Suspected Drug-induced Etiology.
- Normalization of serum immunoglobulin G levels is associated with improved transplant-free survival in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
- The management of gallbladder polyps.
- Histologic patterns of liver injury induced by anti-PD-1 therapy.
- Novel Anti-Hexokinase 1 Antibodies Are Associated With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis.
- The Sclerosing Cholangitis Outcomes in Pediatrics (SCOPE) index: a prognostic tool for children.
- Roles of trained immunity in the pathogenesis of cholangiopathies: a novel therapeutic target.
- Genetic Sequencing of Pediatric Patients Identifies Mutations in Monogenic Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genes that Translate to Distinct Clinical Phenotypes.
- Hepatocyte KLF6 expression affects FXR signalling and the clinical course of primary sclerosing cholangitis.
- [Antinuclear antibodies in the diagnostics of rheumatic diseases].
- Post-transarterial Chemoembolization Tumor Rupture in a Patient with Autoimmune Hepatitis Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
- Presence of Serum Antinuclear Antibodies Does Not Impact Long-Term Outcomes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
- [Recent Updates of Immunoglobulin G4-related Pancreatobiliary Disease].
- [Novel Insights of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis].
- Colonoscopy Surveillance in Liver Transplant Recipients for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
- Effects of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis on Risks of Cancer and Death in People With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Based on Sex, Race, and Age.
- Epigenetics of Primary Biliary Cholangitis.
- Risk factors for recurrent autoimmune liver diseases after liver transplantation: A meta-analysis.
- Sensory neuronopathy is a specific and disabling neurological manifestation of autoimmune hepatitis.
- Post-partum Primary Biliary Cholangitis Preceded by Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy in Three First Nation Patients.
- Facial synthesis of key intermediate of Obeticholic acid via Pd-catalyzed Kumada-Tamao-Corriu cross-coupling reaction.
- A validation study of the Ursodeoxycholic Acid Response Score in Japanese patients with primary biliary cholangitis.
- Azathioprine Monotherapy Is Equivalent to Dual Therapy in Maintaining Remission in Autoimmune Hepatitis.
- Successful Treatment of Bronchobiliary Fistula After Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Case Report.
- PERSPECTIVES ON AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS.
- Reevaluating Goals of Therapy in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Is Good Enough Is Not Good Enough Anymore?
- Pediatric Cholestatic Liver Disease: Review of Bile Acid Metabolism and Discussion of Current and Emerging Therapies.
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Fanconi Syndrome.
- Follicular Cholecystitis: Reappraisal of Incidence, Definition, and Clinicopathologic Associations in an Analysis of 2550 Cholecystectomies.
- A Latin American survey on demographic aspects of hospitalized, decompensated cirrhotic patients and the resources for their management.
- Treatment of Overlap Syndromes in Autoimmune Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Magnetic resonance imaging features of small-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis.
- Inflammatory bowel disease and pancreatic cancer: a Scandinavian register-based cohort study 1969-2017.
- Seroprevalence of Human Betaretrovirus Surface Protein Antibodies in Patients with Breast Cancer and Liver Disease.
- The Role of MIF-173G/C Gene Polymorphism in the Susceptibility of Autoimmune Diseases.
- High discontinuation rate of azathioprine in autoimmune hepatitis, independent of time of treatment initiation.
- Differences in autoimmune hepatitis based on inflammation localization.
- Comparison of liver T1 relaxation times without and with iron correction in pediatric autoimmune liver disease.
- Prognostic value of peri-nuclear Anti Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies in subjects with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
- [Analysis of clinical diagnosis and treatment in chronic hepatitis B combined with autoimmune hepatitis].
- Swiss experience of atezolizumab for platinum-pretreated urinary tract carcinoma: the SAUL study in real-world practice.
- The Role of the Intestine in the Pathogenesis of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Evidence and Therapeutic Implications.
- Downregulation of p16 decreases biliary damage and liver fibrosis in the Mdr2-/- mouse model of primary sclerosing cholangitis.
- Population-based study of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis in Germany: rising prevalences based on ICD codes, yet deficits in medical treatment.
- Epstein-Barr Virus and Cytomegalovirus Infections of the Liver.
- Autoimmune hepatitis and IgG4 related disease: a diagnostic challenge.
- A disease-specific decline of the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
- Role of cell autophagy in the generation of IgM and hepatic fibrosis in primary biliary cholangitis.
- Prognostic factors for remission, relapse, and treatment complications in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis.
- Role of Endoscopy in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.